January 1, 1970
Iraq's Missing Federation Council
November 8, 2018

The Iraqi parliament’s upper house, constitutionally defined as the Federation Council, has never been established. Establishing the Federation Council would be a step forward in Iraq’s democratization and ability to resolve disputes.

Influential and activist members of several Kurdistan opposition parties have sought to introduce reforms, but these…

Along with a widespread commitment to democracy among Turks and a resilient civil society, the victory…


Significant divisions among Sunni, Shi’a, and the Kurdish parties have led to uncertainty—yet they could also…

The demonstrations have subsided, but if the Kurdistan government continues to fail to meet demands, protests…

The failure of the independence movement has strengthened the will of many Kurds for democracy, rule…

Kurdish leadership should be more careful after the referendum, as future mistakes will not only hamper…

There is an obvious divergence between expectation and reality in Iraq, and this should worry any…